Factors Affecting the Severity of Automobile Collisions

While all automobile accidents are dangerous, there is of course an immense difference between a parking lot fender-bender and a multiple-vehicle pileup on the interstate. An accident need not occur at 70mph to result in serious injuries and fatalities, however. Collisions at much lower speeds can be just as deadly. There are a number of factors affecting the consequences of an accident, and one person's recklessness can permanently alter the lives of multiple victims.

Perhaps the most basic factor in the severity of an accident is the speed at which the vehicles were traveling at the time of the collision. For example, a collision at 70mph involves twice the energy of a collision at 35mph and will typically be much more serious. That is not the end of the story, however: the risk of death or serious injury also depends on the type of collision, the location of the wreck, and the vehicles involved.

Head-on collisions are frequently the deadliest type of accident: when two vehicles traveling in opposite directions crash into one another. The forces experienced by each vehicle are equal to the sum of their speeds. For two cars traveling at 35mph, each driver will experience forces similar to a collision with a stationary object at 70mph.

Recent automobiles have been designed to reduce the danger of head-on collisions by letting the engine take the brunt of the impact, a feature lacking in many older cars. In side-impact collisions there is rarely as much protection. Many automobiles provide nothing more than a thin metal door frame as protection from a side-impact collision. Rear-end collisions can be among the most dangerous, due to their tendency to cause serious neck injuries.

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Collisions that happen in isolated or difficult to access places, such as country roads or crowded traffic jams, can be deadlier than collisions in more open areas. Victims of accidents can only be rescued and kept alive if ambulances or other emergency vehicles are able to access the site of the collision quickly. The longer it takes, the greater the chance of death.